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Books by Carolyn Merchant

The Death of Nature: Women, Ecology, and the Scientific Revolution (1980, 1990, 2020) - Scientific Revolution, women and nature, mechanistic worldview, organic worldview, Francis Bacon, witchcraft
Ecological Revolutions: Nature, Gender, and Science in New England (1989, 2010) - Colonial ecology, New England, Native Americans, Puritans, capitalism, Pulitzer Prize nominee
Radical Ecology: The Search for a Livable World (1992, 2005) - Deep ecology, ecofeminism, social ecology, environmental ethics, sustainability
Major Problems in American Environmental History (1993, 2005, 2012) - Textbook, primary sources, environmental history documents
Key Concepts in Critical Theory: Ecology (1994, 2008) - Critical theory, environmental philosophy, ecology reader
Earthcare: Women and the Environment (1996) - Ecofeminism, women's environmental activism, gender and nature
Green Versus Gold: Sources in California's Environmental History (1998) - California, Gold Rush, water, agriculture, conservation
Columbia Guide to American Environmental History (2002, 2007) - Reference guide, chronology, bibliography, environmental history survey
Reinventing Eden: The Fate of Nature in Western Culture (2003, 2013) - Eden narrative, paradise, Fall, Recovery, environmental narratives
Spare the Birds! George Bird Grinnell and the First Audubon Society (2016) - Bird conservation, Audubon Society, plume trade, women conservationists
The Anthropocene and the Humanities: From Climate Change to a New Age of Sustainability (2020) - Climate change, Anthropocene, sustainability, humanities

Articles and Publications

Early Work (As Carolyn Iltis, 1970-1977)

1. D'Alembert and the Vis Viva Controversy (1970) - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science, physics, mechanics
2. Leibniz and the Vis Viva Controversy (1971) - Isis, Leibniz, philosophy of science
3. The Decline of Cartesianism in Mechanics (1973) - Isis, Leibnizian-Cartesian debates, Descartes
4. The Leibnizian-Newtonian Debates (1973) - British Journal for the History of Science, Newton, natural philosophy
5. Bernoulli's Springs and the Vis Viva Controversy (1974) - International Congress, physics history
6. Leibniz's Concept of Force (1974) - Leibniz Congress, physics, metaphysics
7. The Conservative Character of Science and Technology (1975) - Interface Journal, science studies
8. Madame du Chatelet's Metaphysics and Mechanics (1977) - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science, women in science, Emilie du Chatelet
9. Review of Costabel's Leibniz and Dynamics (1977) - British Journal for the History of Science, book review

Environmental History and Ecofeminism (1979-1989)

10. The Vitalism of Anne Conway (1979) - Journal of the History of Philosophy, monad, Leibniz
11. The Vitalism of Francis Mercury van Helmont (1979) - Ambix, alchemy, vitalism
12. Earthcare: Women and the Environmental Movement (1981) - Environment magazine, women's activism
13. Isis Consciousness Raised (1982) - Isis, women in science, feminism, history of science
14. Hydraulic Technologies and the English Fens (1983) - Environmental Review, drainage, agriculture, wetlands
15. Women, Nature, and Domination (1983) - Technology and women, ecofeminism
16. Mining the Earth's Womb (1983) - Machina Ex Dea, mining imagery, nature as female
17. Women of the Progressive Conservation Movement (1984) - Environmental Review, 1900-1916, women conservationists
18. Isis nya medvetenhet (1984) - Swedish translation, women in science
19. Feminism and Ecology (1985) - Deep Ecology, ecofeminism
20. Women of the Progressive Conservation Crusade (1985) - Environmental History, women activists
21. Review of Anne Conway's Principles (1985) - Isis, book review, philosophy
22. Fred Med Jorden: Women and Environment in Sweden (1985) - Nordic environmentalism
23. Peace with the Earth: Women in Sweden (1986) - Women's Studies International Forum, Nordic
24. Anne Conway, Quaker and Philosopher (1986) - Guilford Review, women philosophers
25. Restoration and Reunion with Nature (1986) - Restoration ecology, ecological restoration
26. Ecofeminism (1987) - New Internationalist, ecofeminism definition
27. The Theoretical Structure of Ecological Revolutions (1987) - Environmental Review, theory, methodology
28. Entwurf einer okologischen Ethik (1989) - German, ecological ethics outline

Environmental Ethics and Gender (1990-1999)

29. Environmental Ethics and Political Conflict: California (1990) - Environmental Ethics, California politics
30. The Realm of Social Relations (1990) - Production, reproduction, gender, environmental transformations
31. Ecofeminism and Feminist Theory (1990) - Reweaving the World, Sierra Club, theory
32. Gender and Environmental History (1990) - Journal of American History, gender analysis
33. Is it Time for an Earth Ethic? (1990) - Vassar Quarterly, environmental ethics
34. Gaia's Last Gasp (1990) - Tikkun, Gaia hypothesis
34a. Women and Nature (1991) - Green Reader, women and environment
35. Restoration and Reunion with Nature (1991) - Island Press, ecological restoration
36. The Death of Nature (1991) - Questioning Technology, excerpt
36a. Ecofeminism (Portuguese) (1992) - Terra Femina, Rio de Janeiro
37. Perspectives on Ecofeminism (1992) - Environmental Action
38. Okofeminisme (Norwegian) (1992) - Vardoger, Norwegian translation
39. The World an Organism (1992) - Gaia's Hidden Life, organic worldview
40. Gender and Environmental History (1993) - McGraw Hill textbook
41. The Death of Nature (1993) - Environmental Philosophy textbook
42. Ecofeminism and Feminist Theory (1993) - Radical Environmentalism
43. Genero e historia ambiental (Spanish) (1993) - Historia Y Ecologia
44. Outline of an Ecological Ethic (Japanese) (1993) - Spirit and Nature
45. Ecological Revolutions (1994) - American Political Thought
46. Radical Ecology: Conclusions (1994) - Sociology of the Environment
47. On Ecofeminism (1994) - Business and Society
48. Reinventing Eden: Western Culture as Recovery Narrative (1995) - Uncommon Ground, William Cronon
49. Viewing the World as Process (1995) - Suzi Gablick conversation
50. Nature as Female (1995) - Sociology of the Environment
51. Ecofeminism (1995) - Free Spirits, Prentice Hall
52. The Global Ecological Crisis (1996) - Constructing Nature
53. Environmental Ethics and Political Conflict (1996) - Contemporary Moral Issues
54. Chaos, Gaia, and Partnership Ethics (1996) - Environmental Spirit, Berkeley
55. Partnership Ethics: Earthcare for a New Millennium (1996) - Terra Femina, Rio
56. Radical Ecology (1997) - Dogmas and Dreams
57. Fish First!: Changing Ethics of Ecosystem Management (1997) - Human Ecology Review, fisheries
58. The Theoretical Structure of Ecological Revolutions (1997) - Out of the Woods, Pittsburgh
59. The Death of Nature: A Retrospective (1998) - Organization and Environment
60. Partnership With Nature (1998) - Landscape magazine
61. Forward to Human Nature (1999) - Biology, Culture, Environmental History
62. Fish First!: Northwest Lands (1999) - University of Washington Press
63. Partnership Ethics and Cultural Discourse (1999) - Living With Nature, Oxford
64. Ecological Revolutions (1999) - Unmanaged Landscapes, Island Press
65. Emancipation and Ecology (1999) - Thinking Through the Environment, Routledge

21st Century Work (2000-2022)

66. Isis' Consciousness Raised (2000) - History of Women in the Sciences, Chicago
67. Partnership Ethics: Business and the Environment (2000) - Business Ethics
68. Population and the Environment (2000) - Sustainable Resource Development
69. Dominion Over Nature (2001) - Gender and Science Reader, Routledge
70. The Death of Nature (2001) - Environmental Philosophy 3rd ed
71. Ecofeminism and Feminist Theory (2001) - Environmental Ethics textbook
72. Partnership, Narrative, and Environmental Justice (2001) - Interview, Interdisciplinary Literary Studies
73. Fate of the Abenaki in the Colonial Ecological Revolution (2001) - So Glorious a Landscape, Native Americans
74. Narratives About Nature (2002) - California Monthly interview
75. Dominion over Nature (2002) - Worldviews, Religion, Environment
76. Working Together for Nature (2002) - On Campus With Women
77. Mining the Earth's Womb (2003) - Philosophy of Technology, Blackwell
78. Shades of Darkness: Race and Environmental History (2003) - Environmental History, African Americans
79. Women and the Environment (2003) - Rachel's Network
80. Forward to To Love the Wind and the Rain (2005) - Pittsburgh, African American environmental history
81. Workspace: The Past in the Present (2005) - History of Science Society Newsletter
82. The Death of Nature: Scientific Revolution (2006) - Houghton Mifflin
83. Ecohistory: New Theories and Approaches (2006) - International Congress, Sydney
84. The Scientific Revolution and the Death of Nature (2006) - Isis Focus section
84a. Eve: Nature and Narrative (2006) - Canadian Environmental History
85. Natura, Femminile, Plurale (Italian) (2007) - Interview, Naples
86. Eco-femminismo (Italian) (2008) - La Camera Blu, Naples
87. Gaia: Ecofeminism and the Earth (2008) - Yale Environment anthology
88. Secrets of Nature: Baconian Debates Revisited (2008) - Journal of the History of Ideas, Bacon
89. Review of Hadot's The Veil of Isis (2008) - British Journal History of Science
90. The Violence of Impediments: Francis Bacon (2008) - Isis, experimentation, intervention
91. Melting Ice: Climate Change and the Humanities (2009) - Confluence, Jennifer Wells
92. Fish First!: Water Ethics (2010) - Island Press, water management
93. George Bird Grinnell's Audubon Society (2010) - Environmental History, gender, conservation
94. Ecofeminism and the Philosophy of Nature (2010) - Environmental Ethics: Big Questions
95. The BP Oil Spill: Economy Versus Ecology (2010) - ASEH News, Deepwater Horizon
96. Climate Change and the Humanities (2010) - Townsend Center, arts
97. Women and Nature: Responding to the Call (2012) - Is Nature Calling?
98. Francis Bacon and the Vexations of Art (2013) - British Journal History of Science
99. Partnership (2012) - Women's Memory, Venice
100. Mining the Earth's Womb (2013) - Philosophy of Technology 2nd ed
101. Gaia: Ecofeminism and the Earth (2013) - Sustainable Writing
102. Environmental Ethics and Political Conflict (2014) - Environmental Sociology, Serbia
103. Ecofeminism and Feminist Theory (2014) - Environmental Ethics 2nd ed
104. Nature as Female (2015) - Ecocriticism: Essential Reader, Routledge
105. Nature and Culture (2019) - Louvre Abu Dhabi
106. Legacy of Ecofeminism (2018) - Daily Californian interview
107. Afterword to After the Death of Nature (2019) - Festschrift, Routledge
108. Review of Callicott's Greek Natural Philosophy (2020) - WorldViews
109. Margaret Cavendish: Natural Philosopher and Feminist (2022) - Cambridge, women philosophers

ESPM 160: American Environmental and Cultural History - Lecture Outlines

Week 1.1: American Environmental and Cultural History - Introduction, course overview, environmental history definition
Week 1.2: What Is Environmental History - Methodology, historiography, approaches
Week 2.1: Native American Ecology and European Contact - Indigenous peoples, pre-Columbian ecology
Week 2.2: Native American Ecology and European Contact - Columbian Exchange, disease, colonization
Week 3.1: The New England Forest - Colonial ecology, Puritans, deforestation
Week 3.2: The New England Forest - Timber, fur trade, beaver
Week 4.1: Tobacco and Rice - Colonial South, plantation agriculture
Week 4.2: Tobacco and Rice - Slavery, Chesapeake, Carolina lowcountry
Week 5.1: Farms and Cities - Early Republic, Jeffersonian agrarianism
Week 5.2: Farms and Cities - Urbanization, industrialization
Week 6.1: Nature and the Market in the Nineteenth Century - Market revolution, capitalism
Week 6.2: Nature and the Market in the Nineteenth Century - Transcendentalism, Thoreau, Emerson
Week 7.1: The Cotton South Before and After the Civil War - King Cotton, slavery, plantation system
Week 7.2: The Cotton South Before and After the Civil War - Reconstruction, sharecropping, boll weevil
Week 8.1: Extracting the Far West - Mining, Gold Rush, California
Week 8.2: Extracting the Far West in the Nineteenth Century - Hydraulic mining, salmon, Pacific Northwest
Week 9.1: Great Plains Grasslands Exploited - Buffalo, cattle, frontier
Week 9.2: Great Plains Grasslands Exploited - Homesteading, Dust Bowl, agriculture
Week 10.1: Resource Conservation - Progressive Era, Gifford Pinchot, Theodore Roosevelt
Week 10.2: Resource Conservation in the Twentieth Century - Forest Service, national forests, sustained yield
Week 11.1: Wilderness Preservation at the Turn of the Century - John Muir, Sierra Club, national parks
Week 11.2: Wilderness Preservation at the Turn of the Century - Hetch Hetchy, preservation vs conservation
Week 12.1: Cities, Industry, and Pollution in the Twentieth Century - Urban environment, Progressive reform
Week 12.2: Cities, Industry, and Pollution in the Twentieth Century - Automobiles, suburbs, environmental justice
Week 13.1: The Emergence of Ecology in the Twentieth Century - Aldo Leopold, land ethic, ecology science
Week 13.2: The Emergence of Ecology in the Twentieth Century - Rachel Carson, Silent Spring, DDT, pesticides
Week 14.1: Water, Energy, and Population in the Twentieth Century - Dams, Hoover Dam, TVA, nuclear power
Week 15.1: Globalization: The U.S. in the Wider World - Environmental movement, Earth Day, EPA, NEPA
Week 15.2: Globalization: The U.S. in the Wider World, 2000-2010 - Climate change, sustainability, global environment

ESPM 160: Study Guide - Discussion Questions by Chapter

Chapter 1: What Is Environmental History? - Donald Worster, Jared Diamond, William Cronon, methodology, narrative, race, class, gender
Chapter 2: Native American Ecology - Indians, European contact, gift giving, trade, Pueblo, Micmac, Plains Indians, shamans, disease
Chapter 3: The New England Forest - Puritans, Biblical imagery, Anne Bradstreet, Edward Johnson, Cotton Mather, beaver, colonists, Indians
Chapter 4: Tobacco and the Environment - John White, Roanoke, Virginia, Chesapeake Bay, tobacco cultivation, rice, Carolina, Africans, slavery
Chapter 5: Nature and Slavery - Farms, cities, Early Republic, Thomas Jefferson, Crevecoeur, agrarian ideal, subsistence, market
Chapter 6: Nature and the Market in the Nineteenth Century - Transportation revolution, market revolution, industrial revolution, George Catlin, transcendentalism, Emerson, Thoreau, Hudson River School
Chapter 7: The Cotton South Before and After the Civil War - Cotton, slavery, climate, soil exhaustion, Eugene Genovese, boll weevil, sharecropping, crop-lien
Chapter 8: Extracting the Far West in the Nineteenth Century - Russians, Alaska, sea otter, Aleut, Tlingit, gold mining, hydraulic mining, salmon, Pacific Northwest
Chapter 9: Great Plains Grasslands Exploited - Great Plains ecology, women pioneers, Homestead Act, cattle, crops, Frederick Jackson Turner, frontier thesis, Walter Prescott Webb, Donald Worster
Chapter 10: Resource Conservation in the Twentieth Century - George Perkins Marsh, John Wesley Powell, Theodore Roosevelt, Gifford Pinchot, utilitarian conservation, forests, government regulation
Chapter 11: Wilderness Preservation in the Twentieth Century - Wilderness, John Muir, Edward Abbey, national parks, Roderick Nash, Indians, William Cronon
Chapter 12: Cities, Industry, and Pollution in the Twentieth Century - Urban pollution, waste, automobiles, suburbs, interstate highways, women reformers, ethnic minorities
Chapter 13: The Emergence of Ecology in the Twentieth Century - Ellen Swallow Richards, Frederic Clements, A.G. Tansley, Eugene Odum, Henry Gleason, Aldo Leopold, land ethic, Rachel Carson, Silent Spring
Chapter 14: Water, Energy, and Population in the Twentieth Century - Boulder Dam, Hoover Dam, TVA, NEPA, environmental risk, Native American water rights, energy history, population
Chapter 15: Globalization: The United States in the Wider World - Environmental justice, NIMBY, African Americans, Native Americans, global environmental problems, ecofeminism, deep ecology, bioregionalism, Green Party, social ecology
Essay Questions: Chapters 1-7 - Midterm essay preparation
Essay Questions: Chapters 8-15 - Final essay preparation
Environmental History Chronology - Timeline, 30,000 BP to 1992, key dates and events

ESPM 161: Environmental Philosophy and Ethics - Lecture Outlines

Week 1: Global Ecological Crisis - Environmental problems, climate, pollution, biodiversity
Week 2: Population and Environmental Economics - Malthus, carrying capacity, externalities, sustainability
Week 3: Premodern Culture - Ancient worldviews, organic philosophy, animism, indigenous cultures
Week 4: Modern Culture - Scientific Revolution, mechanistic worldview, Bacon, Descartes, Enlightenment
Week 5: Environmental Ethics - Anthropocentrism, biocentrism, ecocentrism, intrinsic value
Week 6: American Culture and Wilderness Preservation - Romanticism, Transcendentalism, Muir, national parks, Wilderness Act
Week 8: Deep Ecology - Arne Naess, biocentric equality, self-realization, platform principles
Week 10: Spiritual Ecology - Religion and environment, creation spirituality, Gaia, sacred nature
Week 11: Ecofeminism - Women and nature, patriarchy, domination, care ethics, partnership
Week 12: Environmental Justice - Race, class, toxic waste, NIMBY, First National People of Color Environmental Leadership Summit
Week 13: Social Ecology - Murray Bookchin, hierarchy, domination, libertarian municipalism, anarchism
Week 14: Postmodern Science - Chaos theory, complexity, uncertainty, new paradigms
Week 15: Sustainable Development - Brundtland Report, Rio Earth Summit, Agenda 21, future generations

Key Topics and Themes

Additional keywords for searching:

People: Aldo Leopold, Anne Conway, Arne Naess, Edward Abbey, Ellen Swallow Richards, Emilie du Chatelet, Francis Bacon, Frederic Clements, George Bird Grinnell, George Catlin, George Perkins Marsh, Gifford Pinchot, Henry David Thoreau, John Muir, John Wesley Powell, Margaret Cavendish, Murray Bookchin, Rachel Carson, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Theodore Roosevelt, Thomas Jefferson, William Cronon
Movements: Conservation movement, Deep ecology, Ecofeminism, Environmental justice, Green Party, Preservation movement, Progressive conservation, Social ecology, Sustainability, Transcendentalism
Concepts: Anthropocentrism, Biocentrism, Ecocentrism, Gaia hypothesis, Land ethic, Mechanistic worldview, Organic worldview, Partnership ethics, Recovery narrative, Scientific Revolution
Regions: Alaska, California, Chesapeake Bay, Great Plains, New England, Pacific Northwest, Southern states
Environmental Issues: Agriculture, Climate change, Deforestation, Dams, Mining, Pesticides, Pollution, Water rights, Wilderness